This doesn’t answer the question, but I think “ping” is a fine way to describe it, as most people will know what you mean. If you want a more technical word, “latency” is a generalized form of “ping”.

When I’ve used Teams for meetings from my home computers, I use the web version (as I don’t really want to instal the app.) I’ve never had an issue with it on Firefox; not even on devices running Linux.

No; I use it decently often. I also know that typing “2014” and pressing alt-x in Word will insert an emdash if I don’t have access to a number pad.

Alt-0151 on windows