I’ve been looking for a simple low-voltage cutoff circuit for a 12v SLA battery, but many of the ones I find have reviews saying that the protection circuit itself drains the battery slowly as well. Is this just inherent in the design, where it has to draw a little to measure the voltage, or are there low-voltage cutoffs that don’t draw anything until the battery is recharged?
No, it’s not possible to do it without current draw. You can do it with really, really low current draw though.
Ignoring MOSFET stages for the moment, I could design a system that could do this, with a power consumption of under 0.1 uA when in the low-voltage cutoff state.
I’d use a TPL5110 and an Attiny10 to do that.
Alternatively, if ~50 uA is OK (it really should be), then I’d just use the Attiny10 on watchdog timer, and save the cost of the TPL5110.
If I absolutely did not want to use the SLA to power that system (as an academic exercise), I’d use a separate CR2032 coin cell. That ought to last 3-5 years. Or if there’s ambient light, a calculator solar cell and a supercapacitor would make it self-powered. I could design a system that could last overnight on just a few hours of ambient light during the day. Modern microcontrollers are a marvel!
The amount of power drawn by a reasonably designed system should be many orders of magnitude less than the self-discharge of the battery. So not worth worrying about unless it’s very poorly designed for some reason.