The difference between the two security features is that Safe Browsing will compare a visited site to a locally stored list of domains, compared to Enhanced Safe Browser, which will check if a site is malicious in real-time against Google’s cloud services.
While it may seem like Enhanced Safe Browsing is the better way to go, there is a slight trade-off in privacy, as Chrome and Gmail will share URLs with Google to check if they are malicious and temporarily associate this information with your signed-in Google account.
I still get nagged constantly to add a birthday to my Google account to make sure I am older than 13 or something… To satisfy some dumb law I think. The email account is like 15 years old though. How could I be under 13 if it’s that old?